The day of year counts from 1 on 1 January to 365 — or 366 in a leap year — on 31 December. The bar above shows how much of the year has actually elapsed, which is a more honest progress figure than the day number alone because it includes the time of day.
Ordinal dates and Julian days
ISO 8601 writes an ordinal date as 2026-212. Astronomers use a different and much larger figure, the Julian day number, counted continuously from 4713 BC — a genuinely different thing that shares a confusingly similar name. Both are explained in day of year and Julian day.